electrical

Power Quality, Load Factor, and Electrical System Losses

A field-oriented guide to improving power factor, reducing losses, and planning demand charges.

9 min read · Systems: Distribution · Industrial Facilities · Energy Management

Why load factor matters

Demand charges and thermal stress are driven by peaks. Improving load profile can outperform equipment-only upgrades.

  • Track 15-minute demand windows to find controllable peaks.
  • Shift noncritical process loads where tariff allows.
  • Coordinate motor starts to avoid stacking inrush events.

Power factor correction strategy

Capacitor banks improve apparent power utilization, but tuning and harmonic context determine safe deployment.

  • Measure baseline PF at feeder and major load centers.
  • Avoid overcorrection at light load conditions.
  • Use detuned reactors where harmonic distortion is significant.

Loss reduction roadmap

Losses scale with current squared, so reducing current through PF and balancing directly lowers thermal and voltage-drop penalties.

  • Balance three-phase loads at distribution panels.
  • Maintain cable terminations to prevent contact resistance growth.
  • Use monitoring to verify savings after commissioning.

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